height, weight, age, lengthДЄfter identifying a level of measurement, the next step is now to use a specific analysis technique in analyzing data.

ratio data: has logical order, is continuous, has standardized differences between values, and has a natural zero вЂ“ e.g.

interval data: has logical order, is continuous, has standardized differences between values but lacks natural zero вЂ“ e.g.

ordinal data: has logical order but lack constant differences between values вЂ“ e.g.

nominal data: basic classification data lack logical order - e.g.

The four levels of measurements include (Yamashita & Espinosa, 2015): The identification of a particular level of measurement is the usually the first step in quantitative data analysis.

Data collected has a certain level of measurements which initially influences the analysis. However, quantitative data can be analyzed in several ways. Statistical analysis is the usual method used in quantitative research approach. The general differences of data analysis procedures between these two approaches are summarized in the Chart (Bala, 2005) and a Table that follows: Like other research methods, data analysis procedures in quantitative research approach are different from those in qualitative research approach. meanings are identified and information is interpreted.

relationships between variables are explored.data collected is transformed into information and knowledge about a research performed.Data analysis also serves as a reference for future data collection and other research activities. This involves interpreting data to answer research questions and making research findings be ready for dissemination. Data analysis is, therefore, a process that involves examining, and molding collected data for interpretation to discover relevant information, draw or propose conclusions and support decision-making to solve a research problem. After identifying a research topic, doing a literature background research, establishing philosophical assumptions and focus problem, deciding on an appropriate research paradigm and methodology with specific purpose, designing a research plan and collecting sufficient data, the next step in the research process is data analysis and interpretation, which precedes reporting of research.

Data analysis methods reporting